​托福阅读否定考点推断题实例讲解!

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托福阅读否定考点推断题实例讲解：

和词汇题的“正话反说”/“反话正说”考点类似，将原文的说法用相反的方式表达是ETS常用的一种推断题的出题套路，下面举一些TPO中的例子。

1、A-非B（今昔对比）

例1：（TPO 4 Petroleum Resources）

Although this rise of oil is almost always carefully controlled today, spouts of oil, or gushers, were common in the past.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about gushers? ○They are unlikely to occur nowadays.

例2：（TPO 6 William Smith）

Paragraph 2: This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height.

3. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about canal building? ○Canal building decreased after the steam locomotive was invented.

例3：（TPO 10 Chinese Pottery）

To twentieth-century eyes, Chinese pottery may appear merely decorative, yet to the Chinese the form of each object and its adornment had meaning and significance. Only when European decorative themes were introduced did these meanings become obscured or even lost.

11. Paragraph 5 suggests which of the following about the decorations on Chinese pottery? ○Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign influence.

2、A-非B（方位对比）

例4：（TPO 7 The Geologic History of the Mediterranean）

Sediment above and below the gypsum layer contained tiny marine fossils, indicating open-ocean conditions.

4．Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the solid gypsum layer? ○It did not contain any marine fossil.

3、A-非B（其他对比）

例5：（TPO 02 The Origins of Cetaceans）

However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.

2. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters? ○It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.

例6：（TPO 5 The Origin of the Pacific Island People）

After several years of cultivation and harvest by phytoremediation, the site would be restored at a cost much lower than the price of excavation and reburial, the standard practice for remediation of contaminated soils.

11. It can be inferred from paragraph 6 that compared with standard practices for remediation of contaminated soils, phytoremediation ○is less suitable for soils that need to be used within a short period of time

4、Only A-not B

例7：（TPO 5 The Origin of the Pacific Island People）

Pacific islanders are variously thought to have come from North America, South America, Egypt, Israel, and India, as well as Southeast Asia. Many older theories implicitly deprecated the navigational abilities and overall cultural creativity of the Pacific islanders. For example, British anthropologists G. Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry assumed that only Egyptians would have been skilled enough to navigate and colonize the Pacific.

5. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about early theories of where the first inhabitants of the Pacific islands came from? ○They assumed that the peoples living in Southeast Asia did not have the skills needed to sail to the Pacific islands.

5、因果

例8：（TPO 8 Extinction of the Dinosaurs）

By measuring how many of these meteorites fall to Earth over a given period of time, scientists can estimate how long it might have taken to deposit the observed amount of Ir in the boundary clay. These calculations suggest that a period of about one million years would have been required. However, other reliable evidence suggests that the deposition of the boundary clay could not have taken one million years. So the unusually high concentration of Ir seems to require a special explanation.

10. Paragraph 5 implies that a special explanation of Ir in the boundary clay is needed because ○the amount of Ir in the boundary clay is too great to have come from microscopic meteorites during the time the boundary clay was deposited

总结

否定考点贯穿于整个托福阅读考试中。除了上文提到的推断题、词汇题和否定事实信息题，在事实信息题、句子简化题、修辞目的题，甚至总结题中都有体现。由于篇幅所限，不能一一列举。同学们在解题时，应该对题目和文中出现的各种否定形式保持警觉，避免掉入出题者的陷阱。