英语被动时态的结构是什么

  被动语态的结构是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。除了be之外的其它系动词如get，stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。

一、英语被动时态的结构是什么

  被动语态的结构是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态结构如下：

1.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词

  例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.

2.一般过去时was/were+过去分词

  例如：These trees were planted the year before last.

3.一般将来时will/shall+be+过去分词

  例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.

4.现在进行时am/is/are+being+过去分词

  例如：Your radio is being repaired now.

5.过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词

  When he got there，the problem was being discussed.

6.现在完成时have/has+been+过去分词

  His work has been finished.Has his work ben finished? Yes，it has./No，it hasn’t.

7.过去完成时：had+been+过去分词

  They had got everything ready before I came.

二、被动语态的特殊情况

1. 有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略的to加上，这类动词有 [let, make, have,help]和感官动词[feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to]，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.

2. 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式，这类动词有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等

3.不是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句，更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换，但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此，在某些题目里，这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。

4.有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语，介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father.

5.有些动词虽为及物，但宾语并非是动作承受者，不能转换，这些动词有have, hold(容纳),suit, fit, lack, become(适合)contain, cost, last, mean, suffice(足够)等。

三、被动语态的注意事项

1.不及物动词无被动语态。

  The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。这些动词主语以物居多，谓语动词一般表示主语的性质和特征。这类动词有许多，如: write, break, sell等。

  This pen writes well.This new book sells well.

3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。 感官动词有smell,sound,taste,fell等。使役动词有let,make,have,help,hear,see,watch,notice,look,listen.

  make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

  see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

  A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

  He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

  He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

  We can't laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.

  He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.